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Introduction
Ruby stands out for its stunning red color, distinguishing it among other gemstones. Its chemical composition and crystalline structure are similar to sapphires, which adds a special character to these gems. In the world of gemstones, rubies occupy the highest echelon in terms of cost and magnificence, comparable to the finest colored diamonds.
History and Origin
Rubies are mined in various parts of the world, including Burma (now Myanmar), which is considered the best source. Other notable sources include Mozambique, Thailand, Madagascar, Tajikistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam. The largest cutting centers for rubies are located in Thailand.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula: Al₂O₃ (aluminum oxide) with chromium impurities that give it the red color.
Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale, making it extremely durable and scratch-resistant.
Color Spectrum: Ranges from pink to violet and orange shades. The most valued rubies are those without visible overtones and with a deep red color, often referred to as "Pigeon Blood" in gemology.
Symbolism and Meaning
Rubies have historically been associated with passion, love, and energy. They often symbolize strength, wealth, and vitality. In various cultures, they are believed to bring good fortune and emotional strength.
Processing and Usage
Around 90% of rubies undergo heat treatment to enhance color quality and clarity. Other treatments include fracture-filling with lead glass to improve low-quality stones' transparency. Rubies are a popular choice in both men's and women's jewelry, from small gold rings to expensive pieces adorned with large, high-quality stones.
Care and Storage
Due to their hardness, rubies are quite durable but should still be treated with care. Cleaning with mild soap and water is recommended, and storage should be separate to prevent scratching.
Interesting Facts
Star rubies exhibit a six-ray star effect, known as asterism.
Rubies can also display a "cat's eye" effect, with a white line moving across the stone as it rotates.
These optical effects are caused by rutile needle inclusions and are highly valued.
Rubies have a rich history and cultural significance, being valued in various cultures and eras.
Conclusion
Rubies are not only beautiful and valuable gemstones but also objects of fascination in gemology, history, and culture. Their rarity, historical significance, and unique optical properties make them a sought-after gem for both collectors and jewelry enthusiasts.